Require approval by configuring eligible role activation so a designated approver must authorise each request before access is granted. Use a small, accountable approver group, set a short activation window, and make sure approvals are logged and reviewed. Also define what happens when no approver is available, so critical work is not blocked unexpectedly.
What approval changes in Entra PIM activation
Approval changes activation from self-service elevation to a controlled request-and-authorise flow. That matters because the role is still eligible, but access is not granted until an approver signs off. For privileged roles, this is often the difference between routine elevation and a control that creates accountability, delay for review, and a clear audit trail.
The practical goal is to reduce standing privilege without making admins unavailable. Approval should be paired with a short activation duration, a named approver group, and explicit rules for escalation when the normal approver path is unavailable. A good PIM approval design should feel predictable to operators, not improvised during an incident.
For setup guidance, the Privileged Identity Management (PIM) Guide covers the activation model, approval settings, and related role controls in one place.
How to design the approval path so it actually works
Use a small approver group that can make fast, accountable decisions, but do not make it so narrow that access stalls every time one person is offline. The approval path should match the role’s blast radius: the higher the privilege, the more deliberate the approval threshold should be. For broad privileged administration, pair approval with justification requirements and a short maximum activation window so the role is used only for the task at hand.
Keep the approval rule simple enough that operators know exactly when they need it. If the approver decision depends on context, define that context up front, such as change ticket reference, incident bridge, or maintenance window. Approval is weaker when it becomes a social process instead of a policy-enforced one.
For role design and surrounding controls, the Privileged Access Management Guide is useful because it places approval inside a broader privileged access model rather than treating it as a standalone toggle.
What to verify after you enable approval
Once approval is enabled, test the full path, not just the setting. Confirm that eligible users are blocked until approval is granted, that the right approver group receives the request, and that the activation expires when expected. Also verify that approver changes are governed, because an approval control loses value if the approver list is too broad, too static, or easy to bypass.
You should also verify the exception path. If no approver is available, the system and the operating process should tell users what to do next, whether that is an alternate approver, a break-glass route, or a time-bound exception with separate oversight. The worst outcome is a critical admin workflow that fails silently because the approval path was never tested under real operating conditions.
For operational control over privileged sessions once access is approved, Privileged Session Management Guide adds the next layer of visibility and session oversight.
Risk and Threat Considerations
Approval reduces the chance that privileged access is activated casually or invisibly, but it also introduces a dependency on approver availability and on the quality of the approval decision. If the approver group is too large, approval becomes rubber-stamping; if it is too small, the control can create avoidable operational lockout. That trade-off is especially important for roles that can change identity, access, networking, or directory configuration.
Failure mechanism: Overly broad approver groups, weak justification checks, or missing fallback handling can turn approval into a formality, or can block legitimate activation when urgent work is needed. Either failure weakens the control in practice, because the first erodes security value and the second pressures teams to create unsafe workarounds.
Impact: The result can be unauthorized elevation, slower incident response, or shadow procedures outside PIM. In privileged environments, that can lead directly to misconfiguration, expanded access, and a weaker audit trail for who approved what and why.
Standards & Framework Alignment
This section maps relevant standards and security frameworks to the operational risks and controls described in this guidance.
OWASP Non-Human Identity Top 10 addresses the attack surface, NIST SP 800-53 Rev 5 sets the technical controls, and ISO/IEC 27001:2022 defines the regulatory obligations.
| Framework | Control / Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| OWASP Non-Human Identity Top 10 | NHI-05 — Overprivileged NHI | Approval limits unnecessary privileged role activation and overprivilege. |
| NHI-01 — Improper Offboarding | Approval workflows depend on timely revocation and accurate ownership of privileged access. | |
| Recommendation — Require approval before privileged activation to constrain overprivileged access. Tie approval workflows to rapid removal of dormant privileged eligibility. | ||
| NIST SP 800-53 Rev 5 | AC-2 — Account Management | PIM approval governs eligibility, activation, and privileged account lifecycle. |
| AC-6 — Least Privilege | Approval enforces just-enough privileged access for a limited time. | |
| AU-2 — Event Logging | Approved activations must be logged for review and accountability. | |
| Recommendation — Control privileged role eligibility and activation through managed account processes. Apply least privilege by requiring approval for each privileged activation. Log every privileged activation request, approval, and outcome for review. | ||
| ISO/IEC 27001:2022 | A.5.15 — Access control | Approval is an access-control mechanism for privileged role activation. |
| A.8.2 — Privileged access rights | PIM approval directly governs privileged access rights assignment and use. | |
| Recommendation — Implement approval-based access control for privileged role activation. Restrict privileged access rights to approved, time-bound activation. | ||
Practitioner Guidance
What to prioritise: Design the approval process around the privileged role’s real operating model, not around a generic policy template. If the role is needed during incidents, maintenance, or after-hours work, build the fallback path before you enforce approval everywhere.
What to verify: Check that the approver group is small enough for accountability, broad enough for coverage, and separated from the people who request the role whenever possible. Also verify that approvals are logged with enough context to support review later.
Common mistake: Treating approval as a complete control when it is really one part of privileged access governance. If you do not pair it with bounded duration and reviewable logs, the control can become bureaucratic friction without meaningfully reducing exposure.
Practitioner takeaway: The best approval design is the one that preserves operational continuity while making privilege elevation deliberate, attributable, and time-bound.
Related resources from NHI Mgmt Group
- How do you detect privileged role activations that don't require MFA in Microsoft Entra PIM?
- How do you set up access reviews for guests and privileged roles in Microsoft Entra ID?
- How do you detect applications assigned to privileged Azure RBAC or Microsoft Entra roles?
- How do you activate group membership or ownership in Microsoft Entra PIM?